2. In the tale “The ring of Gyges” the shepherd Gyges finds a magical ring within unusual bronze horse. Using this ring, he entices the queen and they collaborate to murder the king and takes control of the kingdom. Given his tale, Glaucon come to a conclusion that if similar rings were to be given to unjust man and a just man, then both of them would behave unjustly. Therefore this proves that people act justly only as an obligation by nature and he claims that all living beings aspire more than what they are actually due.
This story remains vital to the society today because it covers what we can expect humans to do with authority over others. I do concur with this simile because, for instance, in politics, we give authority to others, expecting that they will do what is right. We better then, watch out because anyone who acquires power without accountability is culpable to use it unjustly. This portrays a negative image in our society as it is a vice for persons to act unjustly to others and can only act justly, only under compulsion by the nature.
Donald Trump would say “to do injustice is by nature good, to suffer injustice is evil but the evil is much greater than good. ” He would strongly condemn injustice in our societies and advocate for equity and genuine respect for all people. 5. In Book seven, Socrates presents the most famous and excellent metaphor of the allegory of the cave. This metaphor is meant to explain the effects of education on the human soul. Education moves the philosopher via the phases on the divided line, and eventually brings him to the form of the good . The objective of education is to drag every man as far out of the cave as possible.
Education should not target at placing knowledge into the soul, but aim at turning the soul toward right wishes. Socrates continues with the analogy between mind and sight and explains that the vision of a clever but wicked man might be as sharp to equal that of a philosopher. The problem is in what he focuses his sharp vision toward. The common aim of the city is to educate people so as to later turn their mind in relation with the form of being good. Once this is achieved, these people should not remain examining the form of the good forever but they should go back into the cave to rule.
8. The unity in opinion between the rulers and the ruled would best suit the society and most good to the country. This will help the general public to serve as source of legitimacy to the state. It allows for invocation of ethnic, cultural and local solidarities. It will encourage high public participation, knowing that they have a voice for instance in the government people will be more updated on issues that are happening in their country and the world in general. The ruler will at all times serve the interest of the people and it will discourage injustice practices by the ruler towards the ruled.
Trump would support unity in opinion between rules and the ruled. 10. Traditional notion of justice of “helping friends and harming enemies” do not prevail in the modern world. Nowadays, there exist laws which protect the rights of all people and therefore leave no room for people to harm their enemies as this is punishable. In regards to politics, politicians are governed by the constitution which consists of clear structures and procedure and therefore they must serve the interest of all citizens regardless of their tribe, race religion and so on.
PART TWO: MEDITATIONS ON THE FIRST PHILOSOPHY 1. Descartes symbolize his analytic doubt in Meditation one on the first philosophy on classic Meditations. Descartes start by stating that he had acquired many opinions and beliefs throughout his life which later turned out to be false. He had also read many books and established that most profound thinkers disputed on the most vital issues. He sought the truth beyond disputes, a conviction that could not be doubted and how to achieve this remained his biggest problem.
He could not filter all the idea that he had acquired in his entire life. This made devise a systematic method whereby he could set aside huge numbers of ideas. To begin with, he established that any belief or knowledge that carried even the smallest doubt could never be held as true. This did not express that he had to disbelieve it but meant that had simply suspended his judgment toward it. Secondly, Descartes discovered that individual opinions could be grouped based on the principle of foundation.
This means that if the underlying principle is doubted, then all beliefs based on that principle could be withdrawn. In this way, Descartes set out to “demolish the house” of all his previous opinions so as to rebuild the base upon which all true knowledge was to be built. He carried out three formal stages in his methodic doubt. The initial step of his methodic doubt was to query all knowledge he had gained through the senses. The second step of methodic doubt started by agreeing that everything may very well be a dream. His final step of methodic doubt was what is often known as “hyperbolic
